By Richard E Klabunde PhD
ISBN-10: 1451113846
ISBN-13: 9781451113846
Now in its moment variation, this hugely obtainable monograph lays a beginning for realizing of the underlying recommendations of ordinary cardiovascular functionality. scholars of drugs and similar disciplines welcome the book’s concise insurance as a realistic associate or substitute to a extra mechanistically orientated strategy or an encyclopedic body structure textual content. a spotlight on well-established cardiovascular ideas displays contemporary, commonly accredited examine from the field.
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Extra info for Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts
Sample text
This interval roughly estimates the duration of ventricular action potentials. 4 seconds depending on heart rate. At high heart rates, ventricular action potentials are shorter, decreasing the QT interval. Because prolonged QT intervals can be diagnostic for susceptibility to certain types of arrhythmias, it is important to determine if a given QT interval is excessively long. In practice, the QT interval is expressed as a corrected QT (QTc) interval by taking the QT interval and dividing it by the square root of the RR interval (the interval between ventricular depolarizations).
Although this conceptual model is useful to help understand how ions transverse the membrane, many of the details of how this actually occurs at the molecular level are still unknown. Nevertheless, recent research is helping to show which regions of ion channel proteins act as voltage sensors and which regions undergo conformational changes analogous to the gates described in the conceptual model. Action Potentials Action potentials occur when the membrane potential suddenly depolarizes and then repolarizes back to its resting state.
Both types of action potentials in the heart differ considerably from the action potentials found in nerve and skeletal muscle cells (Fig. 4). One major difference is the duration of the action potentials. 4 Comparison of action potentials from a nerve cell and a nonpacemaker cardiac myocyte. Cardiac action potentials are much longer in duration than nerve cell action potentials. 6/11/2011 10:28:37 AM CHAPTER 2 • ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART to 2 milliseconds. In skeletal muscle cells, the action potential duration is approximately 2 to 5 milliseconds.
Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts by Richard E Klabunde PhD
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